Bank fixed deposits have been an
investment staple for most Indians and as the year 2015 gets underway, we find
these fixed-income options have not lost their allure.
What makes bank FDs a favorite among Indian investors?
Even as financial markets in
India develop and diversify, bank FDs continue to win over other channels of
saving. The main reasons for this are:
Simplicity - FDs are easy to understand. Money is deposited with a
bank for a particular period of time in return for a fixed amount of interest.
At the end of the deposit period, account-holders receive their principal
investment along with the interest earned on it.
Safety - Banks are considered to be the safest financial
institutions in India, operating within a well-monitored framework, under the
watchful eye of a regulatory authority viz. the RBI.
Guaranteed returns - Interest rates on fixed deposits are
pre-determined and remain unchanged throughout the deposit period. This makes
it easy for an investor to calculate how much is due on maturity. Interest
rates currently vary between 3.5% to 9.25% for holdings between 30 days to 5
years.
Flexibility - Bank FDs let investors balance returns and liquidity.
Deposits can be held with banks for varying tenures, starting as low as 7 days
and going as high as 10 years. Additionally, depositors can choose to have
interest credited to their accounts at regular intervals (usually every
quarter). This creates a regular income stream without affecting the principal investment;
this is especially useful for retired persons.
Accessibility - Opening a fixed deposit account is easy with a
multitude of options available from different banks located across the country.
Paperwork is almost negligible and with more FD schemes being made available
online, the application process is now quicker and more convenient than ever
before.
Easy to manage - There is little need to monitor bank deposits
since investors know exactly how much is due to them on maturity. Interest
rates don’t have to be tracked as they remain unchanged from the start to the
end of the deposit period. Interest rates only have to be reviewed on renewal.
Best Bank FDs Rates for 2015
Below is a round-up of the
highest interest rates offered on different FD schemes across the country and
the banks that offer them. Interest rates depicted are the highest returns
offered for a particular tenure, on a per annum basis. These schemes are
categorised from a collective perspective i.e. all the sectors combined and further
broken down to depict the best schemes for each sector i.e. public, private and
foreign banks.
(Rates shown are those
in effect during the last week of January 2015* for a deposit amount of Rs.1
lakh)
(All sectors)
Medium and Long-Term Deposits
5 years 9.25% TMB
1 year 9.1% TMB
1.5 years. 9.00% Central
Bank of India, Dena Bank, J&K Bank, Karur Vysya Bank,
State
Bank of Mysore, TMB
2 years 9.00% Dena
Bank, J&K Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, State Bank of
Mysore,
TMB
3 years 9.00% Dena
Bank, TMB
4 years 9.00% Dena
Bank, TMB
Short-Term Deposits
90 days 8.80% ING
Vysya Bank
6 months 8.75% TMB
9 months 8.75% Indian
Bank,IndusInd Bank,TMB,Yes Bank
120 days 8.70% ING
Vysya Bank
60 days 8.00% TMB
30 days 7.75% State
Bank of Mysore
*Interest rates are
subject to change.
★
Best Public-Bank FD Rates 2015
Medium and Long-Term Deposits
1 year 9.00% Dena
Bank, Central Bank of India, State Bank of Mysore
1.5 years. 9.00% Dena
Bank, Central Bank of India, State Bank of Mysore
2 years 9.00% Dena
Bank, State Bank of Mysore
3 years 9.00% Dena
Bank
4 years 9.00% Dena
Bank
5 years 9.00% Dena
Bank
Short-Term Deposits
9 months 8.75% Indian
Bank,IndusInd Bank
120 days 8.70% ING
Vysya Bank
6 months 8.55% Syndicate
Bank
90 days 7.75% State
Bank of Mysore
60 days 7.75% State
Bank of Mysore
30 days 7.75% State
Bank of Mysore
*Interest rates are
subject to change.
★
Best
Private-Bank FD Rates 2015
Medium and Long-Term Deposits
5 years 9.25% TMB
1 year 9.1% TMB
1.5 years. 9.00% J&K
Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, TMB
2 years 9.00% J&K
Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, TMB
3 years 9.00% TMB
4 years 9.00% TMB
Short-Term Deposits
90 days 8.80% ING
Vysya Bank
6 months 8.75% TMB
9 months 8.75% TMB,Yes
Bank
120 days 8.70% ING
Vysya Bank
60 days 8.00% TMB
30 days 7.50% TMB
*Interest rates are
subject to change.
★
Best
Foreign-Bank FD Rates 2015
Medium and Long-Term Deposits
1 year 8.25% Standard
Chartered Bank
3 years 7.75% Citibank
4 years 7.75% Deutsche
Bank
1.5 years. 7.50% Citibank,
Deutsche Bank
2 years 7.50% Citibank,
Deutsche Bank
5 years 7.25% Standard
Chartered Bank
Short-Term Deposits
9 months 8.25% Standard
Chartered Bank
90 days 8.00% HSBC
6 months 7.75% Citibank
120 days 7.75% Standard
Chartered Bank
60 days 7.50% Deutsche
Bank
30 days 7.00% Deutsche
Bank
*Interest rates are
subject to change.
How to choose a good fixed deposit scheme
Although Bank FDs make great
fixed-income options, they are not as simplistic as they appear. When choosing
an FD scheme, don’t look at interest rates in isolation but consider the
following as well:
➢
What is the
minimum amount required as initial investment? The initial investment
required to open an FD account varies from bank to bank. For e.g. HDFC Bank
stipulates a minimum amount of Rs.10,000 to open a regular FD account.
➢
What is the
penalty levied on premature withdrawals? Banks charge a penalty for breaking
an FD i.e making premature withdrawals or closing account before maturity.
Penalties are applied to the interest rate and can go up to 2% in some cases.
This can greatly compromise expected returns. E.g. a penalty of 1% on a deposit
featuring interest rates at 6% will earn account-holders net returns of 5% in
case of early closure of the account.
➢
How well does
the bank service its customers? How a
bank services its customers is important. Some banks delay crediting interest
to depositors’ accounts while still others require constant follow-ups for
renewals and issuing of fixed deposit receipts. Foreign and private banks are
generally known for their promptness in providing information and processing
transactions.
➢
Does the bank
provide loans against FDs? Most banks grant
loans against fixed deposits.
These loans feature interest rates which are lower than those of most personal
loans. The interest payable on the loan is usually set off against the interest
earned on the FD. This is an advantage for those who require funds but do not
wish to break their FDs and lose out on returns.
➢
Does the FD
feature cumulative options? Under
cumulative options, interest earned, instead of being credited to the
account-holder, is compounded or reinvested at regular intervals. This
maximises returns as interest earned is added to the principal for subsequent
interest calculations.
The longer the
tenure and more frequent the compounding, the higher the returns under
cumulative options. Some banks offer quarterly compounding while some offer
half-yearly compounding.
➢
Does the bank
offer special senior citizen / employee rates? Most banks offer special FD
rates for senior citizens and bank employees. Senior citizens are generally
offered an extra 0.25% - 0.50% on rates offered to regular customers while
employees generally earn 1% over standard rates. Retired persons can create a
regular income stream by having interest earned on deposits credited to their
account.
➢
What is the
effective rate of return post taxes? Interest earned has to be declared as
part of an account-holder’s overall income and is taxable according to the
appropriate tax slab. While determining the desired rate of return, taxes
should be considered. For e.g. If a depositor earns 9% on a deposit and is
liable to pay tax at the rate of 30%, his/her effective rate of interest is
6.3%. This information is useful when comparing schemes to choose the one that
provides optimum returns.
(For interest
earned on fixed deposits over Rs.5,000 in a financial year, tax will be
deducted at source, by the bank @ 10%.)
Outlook for bank fixed deposits in 2015
Given the changing economic
scenario in India, the question on most investors’ minds is - ‘Is it a good
time to invest in bank FDs?’
Rate cuts are already signalling
a downward trend in the interest rate cycle and banks are expected to bring
down interest rates on fixed deposits in the coming quarters. Some banks have
already acted on this by reducing rates between 25 to 50 bps over the last
month.
In view of these developments,
long-term FDs appear to be the best option for those who can trade-off on
liquidity and lock-in funds for a period of 3 to 5 years at current rates,
before returns are lowered in line with market changes. Investing in tax-saving
FDs, which have a minimum lock-in period of 5 years will also reap long-term
benefits at current rates.
This will prove most
beneficial to those in the lower tax brackets or those whose incomes fall below
the tax exemption limits. It is also an advantageous prospect for senior
citizens / retirees who can lock-in interest income at current high rates for
the next few years.